派生
编译器能够通过 #[derive]
属性 为某些特征提供基本实现。如果需要更复杂的行为,仍然可以手动实现这些特征。
以下是可派生特征的列表:
- 比较特征:
Eq
、PartialEq
、Ord
、PartialOrd
。 Clone
,用于通过复制从&T
创建T
。Copy
,用于为类型赋予“复制语义”而不是“移动语义”。Hash
,用于从&T
计算哈希值。Default
,用于创建数据类型的空实例。Debug
,用于使用{:?}
格式化程序格式化值。
// `Centimeters`, a tuple struct that can be compared #[derive(PartialEq, PartialOrd)] struct Centimeters(f64); // `Inches`, a tuple struct that can be printed #[derive(Debug)] struct Inches(i32); impl Inches { fn to_centimeters(&self) -> Centimeters { let &Inches(inches) = self; Centimeters(inches as f64 * 2.54) } } // `Seconds`, a tuple struct with no additional attributes struct Seconds(i32); fn main() { let _one_second = Seconds(1); // Error: `Seconds` can't be printed; it doesn't implement the `Debug` trait //println!("One second looks like: {:?}", _one_second); // TODO ^ Try uncommenting this line // Error: `Seconds` can't be compared; it doesn't implement the `PartialEq` trait //let _this_is_true = (_one_second == _one_second); // TODO ^ Try uncommenting this line let foot = Inches(12); println!("One foot equals {:?}", foot); let meter = Centimeters(100.0); let cmp = if foot.to_centimeters() < meter { "smaller" } else { "bigger" }; println!("One foot is {} than one meter.", cmp); }