RAII

Rust 中的变量不仅仅是在栈中存储数据：它们也拥有资源，例如 Box<T> 拥有堆中的内存。Rust 强制执行 RAII（资源获取即初始化），因此每当一个对象超出作用域时，都会调用其析构函数并释放其拥有的资源。

这种行为可以防止资源泄漏错误，因此您将永远不必手动释放内存或再次担心内存泄漏！这是一个快速演示

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当然，我们可以使用 valgrind 检查内存错误

$ rustc raii.rs && valgrind ./raii
==26873== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==26873== Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==26873== Using Valgrind-3.9.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==26873== Command: ./raii
==26873==
==26873==
==26873== HEAP SUMMARY:
==26873==     in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==26873==   total heap usage: 1,013 allocs, 1,013 frees, 8,696 bytes allocated
==26873==
==26873== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==26873==
==26873== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==26873== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 2 from 2)

这里没有泄漏！

析构函数

Rust 中析构函数的概念是通过 Drop trait 提供的。当资源超出作用域时，将调用析构函数。并非每种类型都必须实现此 trait，只有在您需要自定义析构逻辑时才需要为您的类型实现它。

运行下面的示例，查看 Drop trait 的工作原理。当 main 函数中的变量超出作用域时，将调用自定义析构函数。

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另请参阅

Box