Where 子句
约束也可以使用 where
子句来表示,该子句紧邻在开括号 {
之前,而不是在类型的第一次提及处。此外,where
子句可以将约束应用于任意类型,而不仅仅是类型参数。
where
子句有用的一些情况
- 当单独指定泛型和约束更清晰时
impl <A: TraitB + TraitC, D: TraitE + TraitF> MyTrait<A, D> for YourType {}
// Expressing bounds with a `where` clause
impl <A, D> MyTrait<A, D> for YourType where
A: TraitB + TraitC,
D: TraitE + TraitF {}
- 当使用
where
子句比使用普通语法更具表达力时。此示例中的impl
无法在没有where
子句的情况下直接表达
use std::fmt::Debug; trait PrintInOption { fn print_in_option(self); } // Because we would otherwise have to express this as `T: Debug` or // use another method of indirect approach, this requires a `where` clause: impl<T> PrintInOption for T where Option<T>: Debug { // We want `Option<T>: Debug` as our bound because that is what's // being printed. Doing otherwise would be using the wrong bound. fn print_in_option(self) { println!("{:?}", Some(self)); } } fn main() { let vec = vec![1, 2, 3]; vec.print_in_option(); }